I recently visited India to attend my cousin’s wedding. We landed at New Delhi airport close to midnight. On our way to my grandfather’s house, I was struck by how dense the air felt as our taxi was going through the streets of Delhi. There was clear smog. The level of air pollution became more evident while traveling throughout the city over the next few days. As I navigated the busy streets of Delhi, I often found myself surrounded by a haze that made visibility poor, and was left with a feeling of irritation in my throat and eyes.
Indian newspapers prominently mention the AQI index and there are digital indicators all over the city. AQI figures ranged from high 200s to over 300 on all days I was in the city. The newspapers were full of articles on the smog in Delhi and plans were being made to have an even/odd vehicle scheme in Delhi that would only allow limited vehicles on the road.
This level of pollution catalyzed me to learn more and dig deeper into all the factors contributing to this environmental problem
In winter, Delhi ranks among the most polluted of world cities with various factors such as industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and agricultural practices being cited as contributing factors.
One major contributor to India’s air pollution is the growing industrial sector. As the nation rapidly industrializes to meet the needs of its expanding population, factories spew out a mix of pollutants. Similar to other nations, during the Industrial Revolution, countries saw a rise in air pollutants. The use of coal poses a large percentage of air pollution at 25.5% of India’s total pollution. Generally, coal gets abundantly used due to the cheap and very plentiful amount of it. Delhi is surrounded by an ever-expanding National Capital Region or NCR and industries abound in the periphery causing major emissions
The constant flow of traffic adds another layer to the pollution problem. As among the most densely populated cities in the world, with more and more vehicles hitting the roads, exhaust fumes from millions of vehicles release a range of contaminants. The government has made all public transport battery or electric-operated, CNG is widely used by three-wheelers in Delhi but the number of vehicles on the road is simply too many. Public transport and metros run to packed capacity but more is needed.
While industry and transportation are major players, traditional agricultural practices also contribute to the air quality challenge. The burning of crop residues, especially after harvest, releases smoke-containing pollutants into the atmosphere. This age-old practice contributes to the thick haze in many regions, affecting air quality and public health. Delhi suffers as farmers in neighboring states of Haryana and Punjab burn the stubble. This practice has been outlawed by the highest court in India and many efforts are being made to get farmers to stop this practice of stubble burning. In another blog, I will write in more detail about this.
Addressing India’s air pollution crisis requires a comprehensive approach. A lot is being done but a lot more is needed to Implement stricter regulations for industries, adopt cleaner technologies, and promote sustainable practices, all of which can significantly reduce emissions. Improving public transportation, encouraging electric vehicles, and enforcing stringent emission standards are essential to tackle vehicular pollution.
Furthermore, promoting alternative agricultural practices and providing incentives for farmers to avoid crop residue burning can help address the contribution of agriculture to air pollution. Effective waste management strategies can prevent the release of hazardous materials into the atmosphere.
As travelers and observers, it’s essential to raise awareness about India’s air pollution crisis. Supporting initiatives that promote environmental awareness, advocating for policy changes, and participating in community-driven efforts can collectively contribute to the fight against air pollution.
My journey to India, even though limited this time to New Delhi, was marked by the tangible presence of air pollution. It serves as a reminder that the battle for clean air is a shared responsibility. Through collective action and a commitment to sustainable practices, we can clear the air and pave the way for a healthier future for India and for future generations.
https://aqli.epic.uchicago.edu/country-spotlight/india/
https://ig.ft.com/india-pollution/
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50298972
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